Which of the following is NOT a major function of the hypothalamus?

• A. Sleep
• B. Maintain body temperature
• C. Controlling hunger
• D. Controls fear

Answer: (D)

The hypothalamus is the brain’s regulator of internal balance, coordinating autonomic and endocrine responses to maintain homeostasis. It plays major roles in maintaining body temperature, controlling the sleep–wake cycle, and driving hunger and satiety through distinct nuclei. Fear, on the other hand, is primarily processed by the amygdala, which detects threats and initiates rapid emotional and behavioral responses. The hypothalamus can contribute to fear-related arousal via autonomic and stress pathways, but this is not its main function. So the option describing fear does not reflect the primary duties of the hypothalamus.